Lymphoma

Splenic MZL can affect people of any age but is most common in people in their 60s.
In most cases, it is not known what causes splenic MZL. This type of lymphoma is more common in people who have had certain infections, particularly hepatitis C virus, but also Epstein–Barr virus or malaria. People with autoimmune conditions that affect B cells, like Sjögren syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) also have an increased risk of developing splenic MZL.
The vast majority of people who have these conditions or viruses do not go on to develop lymphoma.

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What are the symptoms of splenic marginal zone lymphoma? 

Splenic MZL usually causes enlargement of your spleen, which may become very big. This is called ‘splenomegaly’. It can cause abdominal (tummy) pain or discomfort.
Some people have no symptoms of splenic MZL. An enlarged spleen might be discovered if your doctor is examining your abdomen during a routine examination. Abnormal cells might be found in a blood test done for another reason.
Some people have symptoms caused by lymphoma in their bone marrow. These include:

• anaemia (a shortage of red blood cells), which can cause tiredness and shortness of breath
• thrombocytopenia (a shortage of platelets), which can cause you to bruise or bleed more easily than usual.

Some people experience generalised symptoms like weight loss, fevers and night sweats. These are known as ‘B symptoms’ and often occur together.

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How is splenic marginal zone lymphoma diagnosed?

Splenic MZL can be difficult to diagnose. An enlarged spleen is not usually due to cancer. It is more commonly caused by infections and other conditions. NHS Choices have more information on problems of the spleen.
Splenic MZL can look similar to other types of lymphoma like Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia. Other types of lymphoma can also affect the spleen. Tests are done so your doctor can diagnose exactly what type of lymphoma you have and what stage it is. Although it can be difficult waiting for the results of your tests, your doctor is collecting important information during this time. It is important that they know exactly what type of lymphoma you have so they can give you the most appropriate treatment.